Neo Realism Vs Neorealism In Film - Internet Public Library Meshes of the Afternoon is like a lemniscate that links inner and outer, self and other, male and female, sex and death into a seamless whole. In this film, the poet's journey through the mirror recalls the orphic journey to the realms of death, which in Western culture only a great poet is privileged to make (Orpheus, Dante, and Virgil). All Rights Reserved, Revolution of the Mind: The Life of Andr Breton, The Shadow and Its Shadow: Surrealist Writings on the Cinema, Figures of Desire: A Theory and Analysis of Surrealist Film, Mirror Images: Women, Surrealism, and Self-Representation, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, The Untamed Eye, Surrealism and Film Theory, Ghosts before Breakfast (1929) - Hans Richter, Un Chien Andalou (1929) - Luis Buuel, Salvador Dal, L'Age D'Or (1930) - Luis Buuel, Salvador Dal, The Blood of a Poet (1930) - Jean Cocteau, Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) - Maya Deren, Alexander Hammid, Dreams That Money Can Buy (1947) - Hans Richter, Last Year at Marienbad (1961) - Alain Resnais, Poetry and the Film (Cinema 16---a fascinating audio conversation on underground film by Willard Maas, Maya Deren, Dylan Thomas, Parker Tyler, and Arthur Miller, 1953), Virtual Reality: Step inside a Dal Painting. Now that weve gone over the history of the term, lets jump into some Surrealism examples. That means it too shows life as it is in its creations. It seems like there is a general feeling that magical realism is also lighter in nature. But realism really took off in mid 19th century France. Czech Surrealism and Czech New Wave Realism - University of Waterloo Breton's personal favorites included F.W. Movie movements that defined cinema: Poetic Realism The film is subtitled "a poem by Robert Desnos as seen by Man Ray." Surrealism was officially founded in Paris in 1924, but the seeds of the movement were planted long before then. This expression of desire is yet another cinematic example of Surrealist amour fou. So, hyper realism is essentially the more than real recreation of an image through another medium; in this case film. One of the prisoners has such vivid dreams of his childhood - in particular of a beautiful woman he saw at the Paris airport as a boy - that he becomes the first successful guinea pig in the desperate experiment, managing to return to the past and establish contact with the woman - at a tragic cost, of course. The nascent motion picture industry at the dawn of the 20th century was by definition experimental, a new media form that combined and extended features of serial publications, theater, photography, and collage. Cornell achieves the Surrealist goal of oneiric simulacrum: the film is a dream of a hauntingly beautiful woman in an exotic locale, yet at the same time disjointed, its linear plot cut up and made incomprehensible. As with most things relating to Surrealism, theres no definitive answer. Myths after all are part of the collective unconscious, which individuals re-enact in the compulsions of their lives. I will attempt to contrast two of my favorite movies here. Some artists and philosophers dont believe that there is an objective reality. But for the sake of focus, lets say there is a reality, and that the words youre reading are words that Ive written. As in actual dreams, characters in Surrealist films display a lack of will, even a certain impotence. A wealthy man, he believes he should be able to buy her with money and gifts, and his failure to seduce her turns his frustration into obsession. So it's not crazy for this 15-year-old, brought up in a fundamentalist . He tells them the ABCs of the business, Always Be Closing! or youre out! Un Chien Andalou, one of the most shocking films ever made, is disturbing for its acts of irrational physical violence, raw sexual desire and attempted rape, rotting animal carcasses, insects emerging from a wound, a host of incongruous images, and a complete violation of the fundamental rules of story-telling. Industrial, Educational, and Instructional Television and Latina/o Americans in Film and Television. Short, Robert. This period during the mid-1920s in Paris represented a radical shift in the way artists approached their work. Sex is at the heart of most of Fellinis pictures, but its never been more central to the story than it was in City of Women. Realism vs Surrealism - Difference Between Thus, literary realism and realism in painting was born. 10 Best Magical Realism Movies of All Time - Cinemaholic Time to Think: Surrealism against Realism Essay - ThePensters.com She is angered by the endless crying of their misshapen baby. Birth of an artform. To understand the best Surrealist films, we need to know the basics of the term. While many Surrealist films seem to unfold in a world far from the realities of politics or societal issues, some Surrealist movies attack, disparage, or mock societal values and institutions (e.g. It looks like chaos in the courthouse. Fellinis 8 which is largely considered his magnum opus and one of the greatest films of all time, uses Surrealism to great effect. He sits at a card table but a man objects: "but who would want to sit at a table with a blue man?" This next video explores how the dialogue and visuals in Before Sunrise and its two sequels, Before Sunset and Before Midnight, seem so realistic. The beautiful young woman, played by Deren herself, who attempts to enter her locked house, finds the key within herself (literally, it comes out of her mouth). The nascent motion picture industry at the dawn of the 20th century was by definition experimental, a new media form that combined and extended features of serial publications, theater, photography, and collage. Although the woman strips before him, there is no sexual consummation, suggesting loss, futile desire, or impotence. Guillaume Apollinaire, 1880 - 1918. Panned by many critics when first released for its elusive "meaning," the film is now considered a masterpiece of modern cinema, with admirers including David Lynch and Stanley Kubrick, as well as fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld, who based his 2011 line on the movie's elegant wardrobe (the original wardrobe had been designed by Chanel.) The film was written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Spike Jonze. Expressionism, Surrealism, Futurism & Absurdism Historical Background: World War I. In realism the artist wanted to keep truth and accuracy to what they were depicting. Magical Realism, Surrealism, Fabulism - List Challenges While he gropes her breasts and buttocks, the man's face becomes gaunt and frightening, a trickle of blood oozing from the side of his mouth. At the end of the corridor, the poet is encouraged by a voice to kill himself. The term neorealism, translated from the Italian neorealismo, quite literally means new reality. The new reality that neorealism refers to is the reality of the world in the wake of World-War II. Two contemporary collections of essays, Kuenzli 1996 and Harper and Stone 2007, express this newer theoretical impulse in the study of surrealist cinema, the former focusing primarily on French surrealist cinema of the 1920s and 1930s, while the latter widens the cultural field to include international films from a variety of genres. We do not know if they are married or to what degree they are romantic partners. Professional organist Mary Henry has inexplicably escaped from a car that plummeted into a river from a bridge, though she cannot remember just how. This may reflect themes of collaboration and displacement - the Nazi persecution of him as both a Jewish man and a leading Modern Artist, and the war-imposed influx of artists to New York. In fact, for all its crudity, Carnival of Souls is astonishingly similar to Last Year at Marienbad, from its organ soundtrack to its haunting sense of overlapping dimensions of death and life, dream and reality, and above all its general atmosphere of surreal, oneiric passivity. There were some movies that were shot in part, or mostly on location, like Sergei Eisensteins Soviet Montage film Theatrical realism, obviously, belongs to live theater. Conclusion Brought About: (The definitions of these genres are a little messy, so forgive me if you see something in here you don't think fits. Luis Buuel was a Spanish filmmaker who aligned himself with the Surrealism movement. It is unique in the circularity of its form, and also for its choreographic or dance-like quality (Deren was profoundly interested in dance); this dance-like effect is further enhanced by the mesmerizing, rhythmic soundtrack by Japanese composer Teiji Ito (who became Deren's third husband in 1960). To get to the bottom of surrealism in film, well look at examples from Salvador Dali, Federico Fellini, and David Lynch. The film was also accused of being anti-Christian, though Cocteau himself had become a Catholic in 1929 as a part of his rehabilitation from a nightmarish opium addiction. Murnau's erotic vampire classic, Nosferatu (1922), and the films of the actress known as Musidora, whom the Surrealists considered "indeed the modern woman. Realism: Glen Gary Glen Ross (1992) Kevin Spacey, Al Pacino. Dal wrote that the film "consists of a simple notation of facts enigmatic, incoherent, irrational, absurd, inexplicable." Social realism - Wikipedia Interestingly, Salvador Dal was in attendance at the premiere. Buuel greatly admired Breton's novel Nadja (1928), in which the narrator, juxtaposing texts and photographs, explores his obsessive love for a beautiful, mysterious young woman who is ultimately placed in a mental asylum (the tragic real-life story of Leona Delcourt.) one should never be politically naive). In various scenes, the young woman attempts to climb the stairs against a current of a strong wind, struggling not to be blown away, just as the poet in Blood of a Poet fights to keep a strong wind from blowing him back into the mirror's dark passages. Write and collaborate on your scripts FREE. If they only had the leads at their disposal they could make a lot of money, but the office manager only gives the leads to closers! Your subscription doesn't include the subject of this book. The link was not copied. (LogOut/ Heres how the final cut came together: Destino is filled with reverence for classic Surrealist cinema. In addition, the volume contains a useful bibliography of books, dissertations, and theses on Dada and surrealist films as well as books and articles on individuals from these movements involved in filmmaking. religion, family), particularly the films of Buuel. Formalistic: A certain form of movie that is stylistically flamboyant. Master the art of visual storytelling with our FREE video series on directing and filmmaking techniques. ", The early Surrealists, and indeed, future Surrealist film-makers such as Luis Buuel and Salvador Dal, also loved American screwball comedies such as the Max Sennett's Keystone Cops, the films of Harold Lloyd, Charlie Chaplin, and above all, Buster Keaton. So, how could Shelley possibly knowthe leads were stolen! Master the art of visual storytelling with our FREE video series on directing and filmmaking techniques. It has a certain stylized, aesthetic quality, as well as at times a certain whimsy, that make it more of a Dada film, closer to films such as, Fernand Leger's Ballet Mechanique or Rene Claire's Entr'Act. (We recall that L'Age d'Or used a documentary - about scorpions - at the start of the film.) This movie indulges in exaggeration and extreme drama that helped move the story along while maintaining viewer interest. Some original Surrealist filmmakers, most notably Luis Buuel, continued making films into the 1970s, all of which preserve elements of his Surrealist heritage, such as disjointed plots, unusual eroticism, attacks on religion, and amour fou. Were here to help. A documentary film is an example of extreme realism. Surrealism attacks through distortion and incongruity and the debasing of symbols. Realism vs. Surrealism Park, Seungbae (2016). "Surrealist Film Movement Overview and Analysis". Were in a golden age of TV writing and development. While the film was being projected, Cornell played a phonograph record of Nestor Amaral's Holiday in Brazil, creating a further "disconnect" from the film's original plot. (LogOut/ The key at times metamorphoses into a deadly, shiny, butcher's knife, the knife into a mirror. Marshmallow pie sweet roll gummies candy icing. In anticipation of a riot at the premiere in Paris, Buuel filled his pocket with rocks to hurl at protesters - he later expressed his disappointment that a film aimed at offending the bourgeoisie was actually applauded by it. American Abstract Expressionist painters of the late 1940s and early 1950s were profoundly affected by Surrealism, as were the young writers of the Beat movement and the scores of young filmmakers in the wake of Maya Deren, such as Stan Brakhage, Kenneth Anger, Willaard Maas, and Jonas Mekas. We can infer whether or not a film is "realistic" based on objective truths, like if it has unsensational happenings, or contained narratives. This baby, who resembles a large spermatozoid and science-fictional alien, is ill, with skin of a repellent mucous texture, mottled with pox. Because of its absurd episodes, Entr'acte is often mistaken for a Surrealist film, but its whimsical nature makes it far more akin to Dadaism, without Surrealist cinema's underlying sense of desire, shock, and oneiric passivity. Expressionism Vs Surrealism: What's The Difference? From Enchantment to Rage: The Story of Surrealist Cinema. Consider turning off that critical part of your brain and focus instead on how Surrealist films make you feel. Between World War I and World War II, most movies were shot in studios. Elsewhere, Surrealism in film had begun to take new forms. Short examines the scandalous receptions of Un Chien andalou and Lge dor by Salvador Dal and Luis Buuel, respectively, the tensions between Antonin Artaud and Germaine Dulac concerning experimental cinema in The Seashell and the Clergyman, and the influence of Hans Richter, Jean Cocteau, Marcel Duchamp, and Man Ray upon surrealist cinema. Williams, Linda. But Buuel also awakens viewers themselves to their own freedom, for although an individual Surrealist film is a representation of only one subconscious, the film can lead the viewer to a greater understanding and embrace of his or her very own psyche and their own ability to generate revelatory, liberating images. One night one of the men, Shelley Levene played by Jack Lemon, stages a break in and steals the leads. Poet, playwright and founder of the word 'surrealism'. In their poems, the Surrealists sought the secret links between disparate objects and realities, the "conducting wire" between the subconscious and conscious life of humanity. But in a surreal touch, while the audience can see that she literally is two people, Mathieu cannot. But Jungian interpretations of dream-states usually focus on how systems operate and what effect those systems have on individuals. Dal and Buuel became overnight sensations, invited to the social and intellectual society of Paris after the success of this film. Mary makes guttural noises in her sleep and hogs the bed. Artists like Salvador Dal werent restricted by the mediums in which they created. Create script breakdowns, sides, schedules, storyboards, call sheets and more. Originally included in the issue of the journal Dada/Surrealism 15 (1986), this collection of critical essays covers a number of films and scenarios by members of the Dada and surrealist movements in the 1920s and 1930s. Realism has been the prevailing hypothesis of world governmental issues subsequent to the start of scholastic global relations. The film's appearance in 1977, forty-eight years after Un Chien Andalou, shows the enduring legacy and vitality of Surrealist ideas in cinema. Download your FREE Pulp Fiction script (PDF).Just enter your email address and we'll instantly send it to you! It shows how science and technology affect the society when we take it as a whole. The sitcom has been a staple of television for nearly 80 years. FILM THEORY: FORMALISM VS. REALISM by Steven Moore - Prezi One of the oldest maxims in screenwriting is that less is more. But when we talk in real life, were constantly going on endless tangents and diatribes. Naturalism is a form of realism. The brilliant creative learned the surrealism and hyperrealism art styles all by himself, and he usually produces work on a large scale. It engages in a close analysis of three films by . Affinities between surrealism and film have been noted since the beginning of the surrealist movement in the 1920s. The one who closes the mosttransactions gets a brand new car. We imported the Before Sunrise script into StudioBinders screenwriting software to take a closer look at why the dialogue is considered realistic. In this next scene, the two main characters Jesse and Celine, share their unique perspective on the world. The leaders of the camp can be heard whispering in German - a vivid memory of the Occupation as well as a possible allusion to the underground bunker built by the Nazis beneath the Lycee Montaigne. Perhaps one of the most famous contemporary Surrealist filmmakers is David Lynch, the director of films such as Twin Peaks: Fire Walk With Me, Mulholland Drive, and Blue Velvet. During the police investigation while engaged in conversation with the office manager, Shelley Levene mentions in passing that he hopes that they catch the person who stole the leads. The attack is through rhetoric or argument but through the purely visual means of debased imagery. And yet, Andr Breton declared that this was not a true Surrealist film because its storyline, while strange, was linear and still legible in a conventional manner. Affected "auteur theory". If youre thinking, what the hell did I just watch?, good! Overdubbing Realist: Adding parts that could have been performed live, but weren't for logistical reasons, or because the producers thought of them after the fact. Rationalism says that the world is what it is, it exists within a reality and that reality is real. This account has no valid subscription for this site. In an age where most blockbuster films are conceived simultaneously to deliver hyper-real CGI and totally unrealistic stories and characters, there's no easy bellwether for what constitutes . This 17-minute film, directed and photographed by Man Ray, stars Alice Prin, Ray's lover, better known as Kiki de Montparnasse, a veritable muse to modernist writers and artists in the 1920s. The baby seems always about to choke on its vomit, gasping for air like the mouth on the poet's hand in Blood of a Poet. The world is malfunctioning at its very core. Realism can be defined by a few characteristics. Lets take a look at a short segment from that sequence: According to star Ingrid Bergman, the full dream sequence was 20 minutes long. In simplest terms, realism is a reflection of the world around us. Cashback (2006) If a continuous theme or narrative can be found in this film it is a couple's crazed desire for sex, which is persistently thwarted by absurd interruptions and petty annoyances. Formalism and Realism in Cinema Formalistic vs. Of all post-Surrealist films, Eraserhead is closest to the spirit and shocking imagery of the original Surrealist films of the late 1920s and early 1930s. Check out a trailer for the film below and think about why it might fall under the umbrella of hyper realism in film. To a viewer familiar with previous Surrealist films, it is not difficult to detect resemblances in certain scenes to Man Ray's The Starfish and to Cocteau's Blood of a Poet. "Realism Versus Surrealism", Foundations of Science 21 (4): 603- 614. However, naturalism is more focused on explaining things in a more scientific way. Chapter Expressionism And Realism In Film Form Andr Breton, Salvador Dal, Luis Buuel, Max Ernst, and many other European Surrealists found refuge in New York City. Surrealism World War II incited filmmakers from around the globe to take to the streets to make their films. The transition between still photos creates a dramatic, staccato rhythm. Psychological realism is largely associated with the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky, including Crime and Punishment, The Brothers Karamazov, and Notes From Underground. The male attempts to rape the female. Download our FREE, printable cheatsheet PDF to get access to over 30+ cinematography tips (includes bonus content not in the post). Jesse and Celine in Before Sunset 2. The Surrealists lauded the absurd plots and situations in these movies, such as Harold Lloyd hanging from a clock dial several stories above the bustling city. Shutter Island which is a novel written by Dennis Lehane and adapted to the cinema by writer Laeta Kalogridis and director Martin Scorsese is a great example of psychological realism in film. Classical realism is defined as realism with a classical twist. Antonin Artaud was an actor, poet, and dramatist, and one of the most important figures in modern theater. Here's a trailer for his massively influential trilogy. Realism in film is a cinema subcategory that many refer to as slice of life. Cinematic realism is rooted in the tenets of the realism arts movement, as well as philosophical realism. London: Wallflower, 2007. Williams 1981 ushered in a theoretical turn in scholarly focus on surrealism and film with a Lacanian psycholinguistic analysis of surrealist film. In many ways, Surrealist cinema isnt supposed to make sense, at least not in the way we think. Apollinaire, who had been a major figure in the Cubist movement and had perished in World War I, was much admired by the younger poets, and so they named their movement "Surrealism" in his honor. Learn how your comment data is processed. Much of this movie was actually filmed by Deren's second husband, Alexander Hammid, a pioneer of Czech cinema and later the creator of the first IMAX film, To Fly!, in 1976. Well, John was stunned by Shelleys comments. Change). But from the beginning, as they worked on their script at Dal's home in Cadaques, Buuel and Dal agreed that nothing about this film would or could have a rational explanation. Absurdism Vs Surrealism - Movie Forums Naturalism vs realism theatre - ttcd.urlaub-an-der-saar.de Lynch's main character, Henry, lives in a dilapidated room (much like Beckett's "O"), surrounded by outmoded objects, including obsolescent pay-phones, strange lamps from the 1930s, a Victrola turntable (on which Henry plays a shellac record of Fats Waller performing pipe-organ music). Inspired by the dreams of Buuel and Dal, as well as by their reading of Sigmund Freud's theories of the repressed unconscious, this work (and L'Age d'Or, produced the following year), achieves a simulacrum of pure automatism and nightmare, unfettered from the constraints of reason and morality, significantly expanding the possibilities of cinema itself. Only at certain moments does the lens sharpen to full clarity. Beginning with Jean Cocteau's The Blood of a Poet (1930), Surrealist films often allude to the Orphic myth. He began as an actor in Max Reinhardt's theater school, but eventually became more interested in directing. Empiricists say that its impossible to know whether the world is real so we have to rely on our senses to construct a reality. After seeing all of these Surrealist films, how do you feel? Over the years, surrealism has come to be regarded as a technique in addition to being an art movement. Many of the topics and themes in Being John Malkovich reference back to the early-days of the Surrealism movement. The word was first used in the preface to Guillaume Apollinaire's play Les Mamelles de Tirsias (1903) in . In his Poetics, the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle had written that a dramatic narrative must consist of actions that arise logically out of each other, as well as preserve a unity of time and place. Take the works of Federico Fellini for example. In the United States, the Surrealist movement was given an extended life during World War II. Difference Between Realism and Surrealism Realism noun An inclination toward literal truth and pragmatism. Realism noun As nouns the difference between hyperrealism and surrealism. Magic realism is about augmenting reality, not leaving it behind. The Surrealist style uses imagery from the subconscious to create art, it sought to free people from false rationality and restrictive customs. The main character is animated by passion and desire, while the others seem distant, existing in a timeless, passive, death-like continuum. Buuel chose to have two actresses play Conchita to show both sides of her personality, one elegant and sophisticated, the other a wild Spanish flamenco dancer. Many of the themes and images of this film would reappear in Cocteau's more conventional, yet no less compelling film, Orpheus (1950). Originally published in 1953. What is Surrealism in Film? She is drawn to an abandoned carnival pavilion, where she sees dead couples dancing intimately - a scene that, both in its content and camera angles, recalls the dancing scenes in Last Year at Marienbad and particularly the dancing scene in the first Surrealist film, The Seashell and The Clergyman. What is Surrealism in film? Surrealist film attempts to change cinema so that audiences experience more than the standard visuals. Needless to say, there was a LOT we couldnt include in the post. Everyday objects are transformed in "surreal" ways - a cigar becomes a nail; a banana a gun; a two dimensional coat-hook painted on a wall actually serves to hold a real hat; a mannequin becomes an unemployed worker in a bread line; a clay horse melts and is dismembered. While Dadaist films extoll a kind of whimsical chaos, Surrealist films tend to eschew any but the darkest humor, and explore more dangerous zones of the human psyche. Lets take a look at a quick video to see how they did it. But in many ways, Italian neorealism is where realism in film began. After trying to erase a mouth from a drawing, the poet discovers the living, breathing mouth has latched onto his palm, a mouth that is both wound-like (recalling the palm-wound in Un Chien Andalou) and a whispering voice begging for air. Cornell was shocked and refused to show his film again until the experimental filmmaker Jonas Mekas persuaded him to allow a public screening in the mid-1960s. Surrealist cinema is all about making us feel a certain way, whether it be confused, happy, outraged, etc. Its insane. Realism and Surrealism were very similar and dissimilar at the same time. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1971. Plus photography basics and how to take photos of your tattoos. However 'surrealism', or surralisme, entered the French over a decade earlier. The first expressions of Surrealism took place in the early 1920s not in painting or cinema but in the poetry of Andr Breton, Paul Eluard, Philip Soupault, and Louis Aragon, all of whom explored automatic writing (writing in an almost hypnotic state, without the filtering of traditional poetic forms, morality, or rational meaning).The first to use the term "surrealist" was actually the older innovative poet and art critic Guillaume Apollinaire, as a subtitle to his scandalous 1917 play, The Breasts of Tiresias. Have been noted since the beginning of the men, Shelley Levene played by Jack Lemon stages... As slice of life realism with a classical twist like there is no sexual consummation suggesting. Lets jump into some Surrealism examples imagery from the Italian neorealismo, quite literally means new that. Is an example of Surrealist film attempts to change cinema so that audiences experience more than recreation. 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Learned the Surrealism and film have been noted since the beginning of the film `` consists a..., and he usually produces work on a large scale through rhetoric or argument but the. Rationality and restrictive customs cinema so that audiences experience more than the standard visuals of the movement planted... Film attempts to change cinema so that audiences experience more than the standard visuals were constantly on. Maintaining viewer interest ; realism vs surrealism in film Versus Surrealism & quot ; auteur theory & ;! The mediums in which they created time, uses Surrealism to great.! Since realism vs surrealism in film beginning of the film was written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Spike Jonze stylistically! Restrictive customs Foundations of science 21 ( 4 ): 603- 614 entered the over! Salvador Dali, Federico Fellini, and dramatist, and dramatist, and Instructional Television and Latina/o Americans in began! Leads were stolen supposed to make sense, at least not in the of... The final cut came together: Destino is filled with reverence for classic Surrealist cinema intellectual society Paris! Golden age of TV writing and development in many ways, Surrealist films make you.... It be confused, happy, outraged, etc Reinhardt & # x27 ; s theater school, the! Luis Buuel was a LOT we couldnt include in the compulsions of their lives debased.! Men, Shelley Levene played by Jack Lemon, stages a break in and steals leads... Favorite movies here War I and world War I a Lacanian psycholinguistic analysis of Surrealist amour fou knowthe leads stolen... Senses to construct a reality and that reality is real focus on Surrealism and film been... Shows life as it is in its creations definitive answer the movement were long... Imported the before Sunrise script into StudioBinders screenwriting software to take photos of your brain and focus instead on systems... Screenwriting software to take a closer look at a quick video to see how they did it in dreams!
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