The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I . According to Serbian Military Attach to Vienna, Colonel Lejanin, Ambassador Jovanovi, spoke to Bilinski and "stressed in general terms the risks the Archduke heir apparent [sic] might run from the inflamed public opinion in Bosnia and Serbia. For once, Sophie was permitted to walk alongside Ferdinand during a brief troop inspection, after which the couple got in an open-topped car for a motorcade ride to city hall. By the following week, Germany, Russia, France, Belgium, Montenegro and Great Britain had all been drawn into the conflict, and other countries like the United States would enter later. At trial, it was noted that the three assassins from Belgrade tried to take all blame on themselves. The Archduke's friend Kaiser Wilhelm II was invited so that the Imperial Cabinet could consult him on foreign policy, but he declined to attend; although he publicly claimed it was due to a case of lumbago, Imperial Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg revealed that the real reason was security concerns. The immediate cause of the outbreak of the First World War was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, on 28 June 1914. He too failed to act. [66], On 14 June, Ili went to Tuzla to bring the weapons to Sarajevo. Instead of being a "flashbulb event . [70], Ili began handing out the weapons on 27 June. The immediate reason for Austria's ultimatum was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. Tankosi gave the assassins one FN Model 1910 pistol. "[143] Jovanovi came back from the meeting with Bilinski and told Lejanin that "Bilinski showed no sign of attaching great importance to the total message and dismissed it limiting himself to remarking when saying goodbye and thanking him: 'Let us hope nothing does happen. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On Sunday June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled in a motorcade through Sarajevo; their car was open topped and there was little security. Serbia was blamed and attacked by Joseph's armies. He had worked as a schoolteacher and as a bank worker but in 1913 and 1914 he lived with, and outwardly off, his mother, who operated a small boarding house in Sarajevo. [181] Russia's general mobilization set off full Austro-Hungarian and German mobilizations. On the 28 June, 1914, a 19 year old Serbian student Gavrillo Princip shot and killed Franz Ferdinand, the nephew of Franz Joseph, King of Austria Hungary. Following a banquet with religious and political leaders, only one day of events remained before Ferdinand and Sophie were to return home. Deeply in love, Ferdinand had chose to marry Sophie Chotek in 1900 despite the opposition of his uncle, the sitting Emperor Franz Josef, who refused to attend their wedding. [11] Conspiracy to commit high treason carried a maximum sentence of death which conspiracy to commit simple murder did not. After Serbia's victory over Bulgaria in Macedonia in the Balkan Wars, the "Black Hand" became moribund because of the death of its president and the failure to replace him, an inactive secretary, casualties, broken links between its three-man cells, and a drying up of funding. 1914. "I think theres this attitude a little bit that a terrorist attack caused all this, really it was a response to the terrorist attack that lead to everything after this," Carlin said. Under this same treaty, the Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, Italy, and the Russian Empire) gave official recognition to the Principality of Serbia as a fully sovereign state, which four years later transformed into a kingdom under Prince Milan IV Obrenovi who thus became King Milan I of Serbia. Austria declared war on Serbia, Russia prepared for war in support of Serbia, and Germany attacked Belgium and made its move towards France. [148], In 1914, Rade Malobabi was Serbian Military Intelligence's chief undercover operative against Austria-Hungary. Overall, more than 16 million peoplesoldiers and civiliansdied in fighting that lasted until 1918. [100] These utterances were followed by a violent choking sound caused by hemorrhage. Ferdinand Was Heir Presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian Throne When Assassinated. Much of what is known about the assassinations comes from these two trials and related records. On the way to the Town Hall, the first assassination attempt occurred. "[184] On the 100th anniversary of the assassination, a statue of Gavrilo Princip was erected in East Sarajevo. [187] On a whim, the couple drove in one evening to check out Sarajevos bazaars. A recruitment campaign was immediately launched to swell the ranks. As far as the relationship between Germany and England was concerned we always had the impression that England was trying to prevent the full development of Germany and was very anxious that Germany didnt have colonies and so on, and didnt have a large fleet. [19][20] Within Bosnia-Herzegovina, the networks of both the Black Hand and Narodna Odbrana penetrated to some extent local revolutionary movements such as Young Bosnia. They and their weapons reached the island on 31 May. Sophie's coffin was slanted down from her husband's to reassert her lower social status, gloves were placed on top of her casket as was traditional for a lady-in-waiting. The Spark: Assassination A. According to Serbian Colonel C. A. Popovi, a captain at the time and a member of the Black Hand, in late 1913, Danilo Ili came to the Serbian listening post at Uice to speak to him. [79], Arriving at the Town Hall for a scheduled reception, Franz Ferdinand showed understandable signs of stress, interrupting a prepared speech of welcome by Mayor Fehim Curi to protest: "Mr. Mayor, I came here on a visit and I am greeted with bombs. Princip's legacy was re-evaluated following the breakup of Yugoslavia, and public opinion of him in the successor states is largely divided along ethnic lines. [179][180] Austria-Hungary then declared war and mobilized the portion of its army that would face the (already mobilized) Serbian Army on 28 July 1914. "Black Hand" or Serbian military intelligence? Regent Alexander commuted four of the remaining death sentences, leaving just three death sentences in place. Under the Secret Treaty of 1892 Russia and France were obliged to mobilize their armies if any of the Triple Alliance mobilized. [8], Serbia's military successes and Serbian outrage over the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina emboldened Serbian nationalists in Serbia and Serbs in Bosnia who chafed under Austro-Hungarian rule and whose nationalist sentiments were stirred by Serb cultural organizations. Here's a look at the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. C. B. Six automobiles were waiting. There is evidence that parallel discussions were held between Austria-Hungary and Serbia with Prime Minister Pai dispatching his righthand man Stojan Proti and Regent Alexander dispatching his confidant Colonel Petar ivkovi to Geneva on secret business. [64], On arriving in Sarajevo on 4 June, Princip, Grabe, and abrinovi went their separate ways. The letter contained specific demands that Serbia should accept, including the suppression of the publication of propaganda advocating the violent destruction of Austria-Hungary, the removal of the people behind this propaganda from the Serbian Military, the dissolution of the Serbian nationalist organization Narodna Odbrana, the arrest of the people on Serbian soil who were involved in the assassination plot and the prevention of the clandestine shipment of arms and explosives from Serbia to Austria-Hungary. [95] The assassin stepped up to the footboard of the car, and shot Franz Ferdinand and Sophie at pointblank range[94] using a Belgian-made Fabrique Nationale model 1910 .380 caliber pistol. The neutrality was guaranteed by the Germans, by the French and by the English. You can look at the historical records and see how Austria-Hungary cared about issues like the rule of law. The bullet fired by Gavrilo Princip, sometimes referred to as "the bullet that started World War I",[191] is a museum exhibit in the Konopit Castle near the town of Beneov in the Czech Republic. This event wasn't the real cause of the war, it was just the spark that started it. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was a trigger for WW1, but imperialism, nationalism, militarism and alliances were the major causes of WW1. Protection for the visiting party was accordingly left to the Sarajevo police, of whom only about 60 were on duty on the Sunday of the visit.[73]. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. [107] Those in Austro-Hungarian custody were tried together with members of the infiltration route who had helped deliver them and their weapons to Sarajevo. abrinovi swallowed his cyanide pill and jumped into the Miljacka river. They agreed to protect each other. . [67] Later that day, Ili returned to Sarajevo by train, being careful to transfer to a local train outside Sarajevo and then quickly transfer to a tram to avoid police detection. [94] As reported by Count Harrach, Franz Ferdinand's last words were "Sophie, Sophie! Ferdinand and Sophie departed their estate for Bosnia-Herzegovina on June 23. They left the weapons in the hands of the Narodna Odbrana agent Miko Jovanovi and rejoined abrinovi. hope this helps! When the motorcade passed by, its route having been published in advance, Cabrinovic asked which car carried the archduke. One defendant died during the trial and the charges against him were dropped. But now, after a couple of days of being in the Army, we found out that it was not so. In July. Popovi claimed that Ili recommended an end to the period of revolutionary organization building and a move to direct action against Austria-Hungary. On June the 28th 1914, Gavirilo Princip along with two other students living in Serbia were waiting in the crowd, watching Franz Ferdinand, who was to be the future ruler of Austria-Hungary. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to World War I. All of the assassins were eventually caught. Live for our children!" The majority of the defendants were charged with conspiracy to commit high treason involving official circles in the Kingdom of Serbia. [128] Because Bosnia and Herzegovina had not yet been assigned to Austria or to Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister administered Bosnia and Herzegovina and had responsibility for recommending clemency to the Kaiser. [47], The rest of the weapons were finally delivered on 26 May. Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of the archduke Charles Louis, who was the brother of the emperor Franz Joseph.The death of the heir apparent, Archduke Rudolf, in 1889 made Franz Ferdinand next in succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne after his father, who died in 1896. As their allies got involved this conflict grew into World War I (WWI). And now who could reprieve them? The would-be assassins positioned themselves at intervals along the route. [96] Pistol serial numbers 19074, 19075, 19120 and 19126 were supplied to the assassins; Princip used #19074. This assassination quickly set off a chain reaction of events culminating in the outbreak of World War I. Walter Rappolt, who lived in Hamburg, explains the competition between Germany and Britain. Better than now. The archduke, who was visiting the Bosnian capital on a state visit from Vienna, was being accompanied for the first time by . An alternative theory to the Sarajevo attack being a Serbian Military Intelligence Operation was that it was a "Black Hand" operation. Carlin also emphasizes that it was the response to the attack, not the attack itself, that caused World War I. ubrilovi stated to the court: "Princip glared at me and very forcefully said 'If you want to know, it is for that reason and we are going to carry out an assassination of the Heir and if you know about it, you have to be quiet. [83] In order to ensure the safety of the couple, General Oskar Potiorek decided that the imperial motorcade should travel straight along the Appel Quay to the Sarajevo Hospital so that they could avoid the crowded city center. Cvjetko Popovi, Gavrilo Princip, and Trifun Grabe failed to act as the motorcade passed them at high speed. he concluded. The Franz Ferdinand assassination took place in June 1914 and was carried out by a Bosnian-Serb and radicalist named Gavrilo Princip. [25], Franz Ferdinand was an advocate of increased federalism and widely believed to favor trialism, under which Austria-Hungary would be reorganized by combining the Slavic lands within the Austro-Hungarian empire into a third crown. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. 418 Words 2 Pages Decent Essays Hear about the effects of the recruiting driveon young men of Britain to join the army. Here our car burns, and down there they will throw bombs at us. After arriving at a spa town a few miles outside of Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovinas capital, Ferdinand attended two days of military exercises while Sophie visited schools and orphanages. Answer (1 of 21): To particularize the answer of William Smith: The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary was a nation in the process of falling apart slowly. In total twenty-five people were indicted. The police and local authorities in the city did nothing to prevent anti-Serb violence. It was directly triggered by the assassination of the Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand and his wife, on 28th June 1914 by Bosnian revolutionary, Gavrilo Princip. Subs offer. She remembers the problems that this meant for her. It was either the Liberals or the Conservatives screaming out for dreadnoughts. On June 28th 1914, Ferdinand and his wife were touring Sarajevo, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and now the capital of Bosnia. Franz Ferdinand had to wait as his own speech, still wet with blood from being in the damaged car, was brought to him. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated on 28 June 1914 by Bosnian Serb student Gavrilo Princip. The actual causes of the war are more complicated and are still debated by historians today. Was it really a lunch-hour coincidence that led to the death of the Archduke in Sarajevo in 1914and, by extension, World War I? In response to the assassination of Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. The archduke's chamberlain, Baron Rumerskirch, proposed that the couple remain at the Town Hall until troops could be brought into the city to line the streets. Anti-Serb rioting broke out in Sarajevo and various other places within Austria-Hungary in the hours following the assassination until order was restored by the military. So I stayed with my friends and for nine weeks Id no word from home at all and theyd no word from me. The first day of the Battle of the Somme holds an infamous record . On June 28, 1914, Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were visiting Sarajevo when the two were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand. Tankosi provided bombs and pistols to the assassins and trained them in their use. [4] The conspirators installed Peter I of the House of Karaorevi as the new king. Princip, a Serbian nationalist enraged by the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Austro-Hungarian empire, had assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, presumptive heir to that empire's. The assassination took place in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, a province in the Balkans that had been annexed by Austria-Hungary. On June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a nationalist working for the Serbian unde. As their allies got involved this conflict grew into World War I (WWI). Princip was part of a group of six Bosnian assassins together with Muhamed Mehmedbai, Vaso ubrilovi, Nedeljko abrinovi, Cvjetko Popovi and Trifko Grabe coordinated by Danilo Ili; all but one were Bosnian Serbs and members of a student revolutionary group that later became known as Young Bosnia. Please enter valid email address to continue. "The last time Europe had been in a general war was 90 years before this time period. At least two other Young Bosnians also had good looks at the archduke but apparently lost the nerve to attempt an assassination. Franz and Sophia, minutes before catastrophe. By mistake, however, the first three cars turned onto a side street right where Princip happened to be standing. There is evidence that Russia was at least aware of the plot before 14 June. In fact, there's no account of him eating anything at the time and even if he were, sandwiches only became a common item in Eastern Europe until about 10 years after WWII ended. Continued instability and conflict in the Balkans was a significant cause of tension prior to World War I. This event wasn't the real cause of the war, it was just the spark that started it. Immediately this event is the trigger that set off declarations of the war. "[116] Two Serbs were killed on the first day of pogrom in Sarajevo, many were attacked, while around 1,000 houses, shops, schools and institutions (such as banks, hotels, printing houses) owned by Serbs were razed or pillaged. Why did the Black Hand want to kill the Archduke? [40] (Apis later boasted to the Serbian Court that he ordered the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in his position as head of the Intelligence Department,[41] however Apis made the unproven claims in 1917 attempting to save his own life since he was about to be executed for high treason. On 15 March 1917 Apis and the officers loyal to him were indicted, on various false charges unrelated to Sarajevo (the case was retried before the Supreme Court of Serbia in 1953 and all defendants were exonerated),[133] by Serbian Court Martial on the French-controlled Salonika front. [132] The Austro-Hungarian peace demand gave added impetus to this plan. World War I was a major conflict that began in 1914, and is considered to have five major causes that led to the outbreak of the war. [13] In Bosnia-Herzegovina existed an aggregation of local revolutionary groups that became known as Young Bosnia, their goal was the end of Austria-Hungarian colonial rule in Bosnia and the unification of all South Slavs. '"[144] The Austro-Hungarian Finance Minister took no action based on Jovanovi's remarks. [1], This changed in May 1903, when Royal Serbian Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijevi stormed the Serbian Royal Palace. It was one of the victims of the First World War, defeated and torn apart by the end of the conflict. They practised shooting a few rounds of scarce and expensive .380 ACP pistol ammunition in a park near Belgrade. "[81], Officials and members of the Archduke's party discussed what to do next. After receiving a telegram of support from Russia, Serbia mobilized its army and responded to the letter by completely accepting point #8 demanding an end to the smuggling of weapons and punishment of the frontier officers who had assisted the assassins and completely accepting point #10 which demanded Serbia report the execution of the required measures as they were completed. Episode 2: After weeks of speculation and mounting tension, Great Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August 1914. followed by six or seven utterances of "It is nothing," in response to Harrach's inquiry as to Franz Ferdinand's injury. We must not oversimplify the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, argues historian Paul Miller-Melamed. A little over a month later Europe . We had the feeling towards 1914 that England was envying Germanys successes in industry and so on and that England wouldnt allow Germany to enlarge the fleet very much. First, Austria-Hungary gained German support for punitive action against Serbia. Hamburg had the German Derby. Many countries had strong interest to expand their empire by colonizing smaller countries. Upon finishing that up, he insisted on visiting the wounded officers in the hospital. [139] Serbia soon thereafter denied making warnings and denied knowledge of the plot. At around 11 a.m. today, two shots rang out from a street corner in the center of this city, mortally wounding the archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Sophie the Duchess of Hohenberg, his wife. [145], In the days leading up to the assassination, Pai was the caretaker prime minister because during this period the Serbian Government briefly fell to a political alliance led by the Serbian Military. Four years later [after WW1 began] they have poison, gas, heavy bombs bombing cities, submarines, machine guns, artillery, tanks," Carlin said. Royal Navy officer Neville Harvey was at the Kiel Regatta a German sailing event in June 1914. [39], Serbian Military Intelligence through remnants of the "Black Hand" penetrated the Narodna Odbrana, using its clandestine tunnel to smuggle the assassins and their weapons from Belgrade to Sarajevo. On 23 July, the empire offered Serbia an ultimatum that contained six articles, one of which would have allowed Austrian police into Serbia. "[118], Austro-Hungarian authorities arrested and prosecuted the Sarajevo assassins (except for Mehmedbai who had escaped to Montenegro and was released from police custody there to Serbia)[119] together with the agents and peasants who had assisted them on their way. Popovi, in turn, provided them with a letter to Serbian Captain Prvanovi, and filled out a form with the names of three customs officials whose identities they could assume and thereby receive discounted train tickets for the ride to Loznica, a small border town. It then sent Serbia an ultimatum, worded in a way that made acceptance unlikely. [71] The second car carried the Mayor and the Chief of Police of Sarajevo. [38] Princip asked another friend Trifko Grabe to join the plot, and then wrote to Ili, his former roommate and confidante, telling him about the plan and asking him to recruit people in Sarajevo.[44]. Apis's confession, however, states that "I engaged Malobabi to organize the assassination on the occasion of the announced arrival of Franz Ferdinand to Sarajevo. It also helped the Germans, determined to prevent the allies from overthrowing them. According to the program, at 10:00a.m., the motorcade was to leave the barracks for the town hall by way of the Appel Quay. On June 28, 1914, Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire, and his wife were were assassinated by a serbian nationalist in Sarajevo. And of course that was all my eye and Betty Martin, because everyone knew that there was going to be a war, I mean even the government knew it, dammit. How did imperialism help lead to war? [170] The murder produced widespread shock across European royal houses, and there was initially much sympathy for the Austrian position. The subsequent explosion wounded two army officers and several bystanders but left Ferdinand and Sophie essentially unharmed. As a result, their children were declared ineligible for the throne. [94] The Archduke, too, lost consciousness while being driven to the Governor's residence for medical treatment. (see criminal penalty section below). The Assassination. [14][15], On 3 June 1910, Bogdan eraji, a young revolutionary loosely connect to Young Bosnia, attempted to kill the Austrian governor of Bosnia-Herzegovina, General Marijan Vareanin. The bomb bounced off the folded back convertible cover into the street. The Russians, coming to the aid of their fellow Slavs, declared war on Austria-Hungary. The next day, Serbian reservists being transported on tramp steamers on the Danube crossed onto the Austro-Hungarian side of the river at Temes-Kubin and Austro-Hungarian soldiers fired into the air to warn them off. The assassination precipitated the July Crisis which led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia and the start of World War I. Nationalism was one of the main causes of World War I, which began in July of 1914, following the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.In fact, historians consider it to be one of four main long-term causes of the war, along with: militarism, alliance systems and imperialism.Nationalism was a particularly important cause of World War I due to several key factors. The bronze medallion of Ferdinand and Sophie, which was part of a monument that was erected on the site of the assassination and demolished in 1918 during Yugoslav rule, is currently preserved in the Art Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. "[125], Prison terms, death sentences and acquittals were as follows:[126]. "[150][151] Vladimir Dedijer in The Road to Sarajevo presented additional testimonial evidence that Malobabi arrived in Sarajevo on the eve of the Sarajevo attack and gave the final go-ahead for the operation to Danilo Ili. Ili had placed Vaso ubrilovi next to Mehmedbai, arming him with a pistol and a bomb. Amongst those tried, four of the defendants had confessed their roles in Sarajevo and their final sentences were as follows:[135], In justifying the executions, Prime Minister Pai wrote to his envoy in London: "Dimitrijevi (Apis) besides everything else admitted he had ordered Franz Ferdinand to be killed. On 26 March 1914,[39] Ili informed Mehmedbai that Belgrade (meaning the Black Hand) thought that an attack of Franz Ferdinand instead of the Potiorek would be far more important and that they would support it. [127] abrinovi and Princip died of tuberculosis in prison. Princip's weapon, along with the car in which the Archduke was riding, his bloodstained uniform and the chaise longue on which he died, are on permanent display in the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna, Austria. They were shot at close range while being driven through Sarajevo, the provincial capital of Bosnia-Herzegovina, formally annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908. At 10:10 am,[75] Franz Ferdinand's car approached and abrinovi threw his bomb. abrinovi inquired of the detective the date of Franz Ferdinand's visit to Sarajevo. Here, an anonymous Belgian soldier describes how Britain and France were drawn into the conflict. [97] According to Albertini, "the first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess. [28] The Black Hand's first attempt at assassination failed when their bomb exploded and missed the car he was travelling in. Princip, a slender, 19-year-old Serbian army reject, later admitted to killing Ferdinand but said he had not meant to hit Sophie. Thinking the police might be after him, he threw his weapons (a dagger and a bottle of poison) in the lavatory. How did trench warfare make offensives long and deadly? Rather than immediately flee Sarajevo, Ferdinand decided to continue on to the planned event at city hall. At 10:45a.m, Franz Ferdinand and Sophie got back into the motorcade, once again in the third car. B. [61] The report to Pai added the name of a new military conspirator, Serbian Major Kosta Todorovi, Boundary Commissioner and Director of Serbian Military Intelligence Services for the frontier line from Rada to Ljubovija. 6. The archduke was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist named Gavrilo Princip on June 28, 1914. Princip checked in with Ili, visited his family in Hadici and returned to Sarajevo on 6 June taking up residence at Ili's mother's house with Ili. [91], After learning that the first assassination attempt had been unsuccessful, Princip thought about a position to assassinate the Archduke on his return journey, and decided to move to a position in front of a nearby food shop (Schiller's delicatessen), near the Latin Bridge. Further along the route, Ili had placed Nedeljko abrinovi on the opposite side of the street near the Miljacka River, arming him with a bomb. [159] He then showed the newspaper clipping to Princip and the next day they agreed they would kill Franz Ferdinand. The June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Serbian Black Hand Group, caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. The start of World War I, the so-called "Great War" of 1914 to 1918, was triggered whena teenage Serbian revolutionary shotArchduke Franz Ferdinand,the presumptive heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie on their visit to the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. "He described the leaders like men smoking in an arsenal.". Three weeks too young for the death penalty, Princip was given a. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! abrinovi claimed the idea of killing Franz Ferdinand came from a newspaper clipping he received in the mail at the end of March announcing Franz Ferdinand's planned visit to Sarajevo.
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