He may also choose this technique when the enemy is likely to use weapons of mass destruction. The commander ensures that outer perimeter positions have rearward protection from inner perimeter weapons once he establishes the inner perimeter. Combat service support elements may provide support from within the perimeter or from another location, depending on the mission and the status of the unit forming the defensive perimeter, type of transport available, weather, and terrain. 8-128. This decisive point can be a geographical objective or an enemy force. (See Figure 8-7.) An alternate position is a defensive position that the commander assigns to a unit or weapon for occupation when the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. The defending force maintains its security and disrupts the enemy's attack at every opportunity. The reserve forms a second line of defense behind the perimeter forces. A defensive mission generally imposes few restrictions on the defending commander. The fire support plan includes these zones in its target list for conventional munitions and scatterable mines and reflects current rules of engagement and host nation restrictions. Thorough planning, effective control, and aggressive leadership will minimize risk during the retrograde or enhance the probability of success. The defender's ability to mass fires quickly and then rapidly reposition its forces is a major factor in disrupting the enemy and establishing the required conditions for successful decisive operations. He can do this provided he coordinates the action with the host nation or the appropriate civil military operations agency and fulfills his responsibilities to displaced civilians under international law. 8-32. Given a specified area to defend, a platoon with table of organization and equipment (TOE), and a requirement to defend that area. He may place portable obstacles around critical locations within the perimeter during periods of reduced visibility to disrupt the enemy's plan based on visual reconnaissance and add depth to the defense. 8-157. The commander should employ NBC reconnaissance units along movement routes and at potential choke points. Major positions, facilities, and operational logistics sites may require special camouflage. Combat units top off regularly with supplies in case an enemy breakthrough disrupts the replenishment flow. Units as large as battalion task forces and as small as squads or sections use battle positions. (Figure 8-3 graphically depicts the current FEBA and a proposed FEBA. 8-88. He can use EAs, target reference points, final protective fires, and principal direction of fire as fire control measures. 8-96. The commander must be well forward and visible. (See Chapters 3 and 5 for offensive planning, preparing, and executing considerations.). Defensive operations alone normally cannot achieve a decision. Indirect fires have the greatest impact on the enemy when they are synchronized with direct fires and the use of obstacles, defensive positions, and counterattack plans. This coordination is best done by personal visits to subordinate commanders on the ground. An area defense is normally preferred because it accepts less risk by not allowing the enemy to cross the obstacle. The need to hold or protect featuressuch as bridges, airfields, or LZsfrom enemy observation and fires may restrict the positioning of units within a perimeter. 8-28. First, the defending force conducts reconnaissance to gain and maintain contact with the enemy. There may be an increased demand for decontaminants and chemical protective equipment. 8-130. Clever disguises can often mislead the enemy about the friendly force's identity, strength, and intention, and may draw his fire from real assets. Use of a BHL in a Rearward Passage of Lines. A fire support plan to prevent the enemy's occupation and use of the topographical crest. Make a tentative plan 4. This generally allows the enemy to cross in at least one location. He uses his reserve to counterattack and expel the enemy from the topographical crest if massed indirect fires do not defeat the attack. Military police ease these movements, prevent congestion, and respond to maneuver plan changes. Emplace hasty minefields and other obstacles 10. The profile contains a company overview, key facts, major products and services, SWOT analysis, business description, company history, financial analysis, recent developments, key employees, company locations and subsidiaries as well as competitive benchmarking data. Have the time and energy to plan and prepare for offensive action. Chemical reconnaissance systems also contribute to the force's mobility in a contaminated environment. During the preparatory phase of the defense, logistics operators normally pre-position supply stocks, particularly ammunition and barrier materials, in the battle positions of defending forces. Preparations typically include resupplying unit basic loads and repositioning or reallocating supporting systems. (RP00.05.10f) 8. A defending commander transitions from the defense to the retrograde for those reasons outlined in paragraph 11-1. Five Kinds of Battle Positions. Environmental factors determine where he places his NBC detection devices. 8-39. Also, it is vital to keep yourself updated about the laws linked with driving to save yourself from getting a ticket or getting your license canceled. Standards: Apply defensive doctrine to platoon operations IAW FM 3-0, FM 7-8, FM 7-10, and FM 71-1. 8-140. If deployment is in flat terrain lacking cover, digging in or sandbagging can offer some protection. The commander designates a FEBA to coordinate fire support and to maneuver his forces. 8-164. Use mobile forces to cover the retrograde of less mobile forces. Forward Edge of the Battle Area, 8-14. How Do I Switch from the Montgomery GI Bill to the Post 9/11 GI Bill? Providing long-range biological surveillance. The defending commander plans how to use key terrain to impede the enemy's movement. The mobile defense gives the enemy an opportunity to cross the obstacle with a portion of his force. The enemy may force these operations, or a commander may execute them voluntarily. The defending force conducts operations throughout the depth of the enemy's formation in time and space to destroy his key units and assets, particularly his artillery and reserves, or disrupt their timely introduction into battle at the point of engagement. The commander can use smoke to facilitate friendly target acquisition by highlighting enemy systems against a light background while degrading the enemy's optics. He draws the enemy into EAs where he can initiate combat on his own terms. If the enemy can disrupt this support from the air, it will affect the defense. Sustaining. The logistics officer (G4 or S4) and the commanders of the logistics units supporting the defending force must understand the commander's tactical intent. Tested by nine German divisions, the 29th RC was able to keep German forces from breaking through its area of operations (AO), despite having its initial three divisions rendered combat-ineffective. Often, only aircraft are available to initially oppose an enemy penetration until ground forces can redeploy to engage it. 8-162. It also should be located far enough behind friendly lines that likely enemy advances will not compel the relocation of critical CSS at inopportune times. The defending commander may change his task organization to respond to the existing or projected situation, such as forming a detachment left in contact prior to conducting a withdraw. Balance the risk of conserving combat power while remaining disposed to the intent of the defensive mission. The commander covers gaps on the outer perimeter between units in open terrain with fires. He may employ security forces, obstacles, and fires in the area. 8-132. 8-23. The commander locates air defense assets to protect these vital locations. By Brig. Using a brigade assembly area as an example, the commander places two companies in each battalion task force along the outer perimeter and one company in reserve along the inner perimeter. Ensure All-Around Defense. The mobile defense focuses on defeating or destroying the enemy by allowing him to advance to a point where he is exposed to a decisive counterattack by the striking force. Since the attacking enemy force usually has the initiative in terms of where and when it will attack, a defending commander must take a wide range of actions to protect his force from losses due to enemy actions. It does this through designating units to conduct denial operations and early evacuation of casualties and inoperative equipment. The defending force seeks to defeat any enemy attempt to secure a bridgehead across the linear obstacle. Light forces facing a heavy enemy are primarily used in static roles within the MBA or in security roles within the rear area. Students should consult with a representative from the school they select to learn more about career opportunities in that field. If the enemy penetrates the perimeter, the reserve blocks the penetration or counterattacks to restore the perimeter. 8-84. He positions these security elements to observe avenues of approach. The commander normally places his final protective fires along the topographical crest and employs them as the enemy reaches the first row of defiladed obstacles. Use of Terrain. The enemy force will do everything it can to keep the friendly force from knowing when it is becoming overextended. Using jamming to degrade or destroy the enemy's ability to transmit data and information. A defense is more effective when there is adequate time to thoroughly plan and prepare defensive positions. About Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber) The Sixteenth Air Force (Air Forces Cyber), headquartered at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, is the first-of-its-kind Numbered Air Force. For More Details: http://goo.gl/UXaOcw, Foreclosure Assistance, Defense, Loan Modification, Bankruptcy Help and Mortgage litigations and Loan Restructuring, Aarkstore.com - UXB International, Inc.: Aerospace and Defense - Company Profile and SWOT Report, - "UXB International, Inc.: Aerospace and Defense - Company Profile & SWOT Report" contains in depth information and data about the company and its operations. - Hackers are getting better and better at attacking corporate networks. The commander's ISR requirements dramatically increase as his forces begin their movement to other locations and the combat capabilities of units in contact are subsequently reduced. Using the reverse slope defense provides the defending force with an opportunity to gain surprise. He positions his forces in mutually supporting positions in depth to absorb enemy penetrations or canalize them into prepared EAs, defeating the enemy's attack by concentrating the effects of overwhelming combat power. The defender does not wait passively to be attacked. It is uniquely suited to infantry forces in mountainous terrain. The defending force positions its reconnaissance and security elements where it can observe the forward slope, the terrain forward of it, and other approaches to the defending position. endobj LOCATIONS) Alvarez & Marsal (A&M), a leading independent global professional services firm specializing in providing turnaround management, performance improvement, and corporate advisory services, is seeking to expand its Private Equity Performance Improvement . It prevents overwatching enemy elements from observing and engaging the defender, whereas defending forces with advanced optical systems can acquire and engage the enemy within the smoke. Indicators that the enemy is approaching this point include. The reserve or striking force is initially a stationary hidden force. In his seminal work On War, Carl von Clausewitz famously declared that, in comparison to the offense, "the defensive form of warfare is intrinsically stronger than the offensive.". For the plans to work, all elements in the fire support chainfrom forward observers in fire support teams to the fire support coordinator including the supporting tactical air control partymust understand the commander's intent, the scheme of maneuver, and the obstacle plan. It covers the same area as the primary position. ADP 3-90 provides guidance in the form of combat tested concepts and ideas modified to exploit emerging Army and joint offensive and defensive capabilities. He may augment security with squad-size or smaller observation posts that are provided and controlled by units on the perimeter. In a mobile defense, the commander uses the striking force to generate overwhelming combat power at the decisive point. The sponsored schools featured on this site do not include all schools that accept GI Bill funding or VA Benefits. The commander takes actions to increase the kill probabilities of his various weapon systems at different ranges. The following section addresses these scenarios and the unique considerations associated with. Rear area security operations, such as containment of an enemy airborne or helicopter assault. 8-135. 8-29. Another characteristic is the ease of access for resupply operations. Free vs Expensive JSB Market Research: Russian Aircraft Corporation: Aerospace and Defense - Company Profile and SWOT Report, - Russian Aircraft Corporation: Aerospace and Defense - Company Profile and SWOT Report" contains in depth information and data about the company and its operations. He ensures that his unit can conduct hasty and deliberate decontamination of its soldiers and equipment. The commander controls the defense by using control measures to provide the flexibility needed to respond to changes in the situation and allow the defending commander to rapidly concentrate combat power at the decisive point. The commander may allocate mobility resources to maintain MSRs in a functional condition to support units and supplies moving forward and to evacuate personnel and equipment to the rear. Increasing the enemy's vulnerability by forcing him to concentrate his forces. It also describes the methods and essential principles for planning protective obstacles. 8-107. 8-147. Defeating an enemy airborne or air assault begins with a good IPB process to determine the enemy's capabilities to conduct vertical envelopment and identify enemy airfields, pickup zones, DZs, and LZs. It is generally useful at lower tactical levels, such as battalion and below. This also helps to deceive the enemy about the location of the MBA. Lack of preparation time may cause the commander to maintain a larger-than-normal reserve force or accept greater risks than usual. 8-24. The defending force commander may choose not to counterattack until he can mass overwhelming combat power. The unit can organize a perimeter defense to accomplish a specific mission, such as protecting a fire base, or providing immediate self-protection, such as during resupply operations when all-around security is required. The first, and generally preferred, technique is to attack using forces not previously committed to the defense. He studies patterns of enemy operations and the enemy's vulnerability to counterattack, interdiction, electronic warfare, air attacks, and canalization by obstacles. Complete the plan 7. Speed also results from not having to conduct a forward passage of lines and perform liaison necessary to establish a common operational picture that includes knowledge of the enemy force's patterns of operation. Air support can play an important part in delaying enemy forces following or attempting to bypass rearward-moving defending forces. Controlling ground for limited periods where a commander does not wish to irrevocably commit ground forces; for example, forward of an executed obstacle. 8-119. And theyre ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them. To accomplish this, the defending force must employ its fire support system throughout its AO. However, for the purpose of defense, the unit's area of operations (AO) is the area in which the support commander employs local security efforts. Phase Line JOANN is a disengagement line in Figure 8-9. Camouflage measures that provide this protection include constructing dummy positions and decoys. Conducting offensive information operations to degrade the enemy's ability to command and control his forces. Units enhance their survivability through concealment, deception, dispersion, and field fortifications. Conducting counterattacks and spoiling attacks. As each lane closes, the closing unit reports the lane's closure to the higher, subordinate, and adjacent headquarters to preclude displacing units from moving into areas with unmarked or abandoned obstacles. 8-50. The focus of the area defense is on retaining terrain where the bulk of the defending force positions itself in mutually supporting, prepared positions. Security operations seek to confuse the enemy about the location of the commander's main battle positions, prevent enemy observation of preparations and positions, and keep the enemy from delivering observed fire on the positions. Heavy forces can maneuver to delay the advance of a strong enemy force and then immediately change from a mobile to a static form of defense or counterattack. The commander normally assigns combat vehicles supporting the defense firing positions on the perimeter to cover the most likely mounted avenues of approach. A fixing force supplements the striking force. The higher commander of the force executing the retrograde must approve the retrograde operation before its initiation in either case. Air defense systems that protect the reserve and the striking force must be as mobile and protected as the forces they are protecting. Defensive control measures introduced in previous chapters apply equally to the reverse slope defense. To provide flexibility, units may need primary, alternate, and supplementary positions. 8-40. Base communications facilities for both defense and primary missions must be planned, coordinated, and established. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Occupation of a blocking position, possibly in conjunction with existing defensive positions. 8-167. The commander must emphasize supply economy and protect existing supply stocks since aerial resupply is vulnerable to weather and enemy fires. 8-153. 8-160. Posts. PowerShow.com is a leading presentation sharing website. Aarkstore.com - PKO Teploobmennik OAO : Aerospace and Defense - Company Profile, SWOT and Financial Report, - "PKO Teploobmennik OAO : Defense - Company Profile, SWOT & Financial Report" contains in depth information and data about the company and its operations. Positioning antiarmor weapon systems on armor-restrictive terrain to concentrate fires on armor approaches. The commander approves an integrated ISR plan that provides early identification of as many of the following requirements as possible: Locations, composition, equipment, strengths, and weaknesses of the advancing enemy force. Neutralizing or isolating enemy forces that have penetrated the defensive area and impeding the movement of enemy reserves. Is It True My Uncharacterized Discharge Will Convert to Honorable After Six Months? There are three fundamental methods of concealing installations and activitieshiding, blending, and disguising. Location of areas for enemy helicopter and parachute assaults. Protective obstacles are a key component of survivability operations. The financial aid information on this site is for informational and research purposes only and is not an assurance of financial aid. Units maintain their positions and control the terrain between these positions. <>>> (Chapter 11 discusses retrograde operations. The CSS commander remains responsible for the defense of his unit. Proper fire distribution also ensures that high-payoff targets are destroyed without wasting assets through repetitive engagement by multiple friendly systems. He considers the need to. Fire support assets continue to attack enemy follow-on forces before they can be committed to the MBA. 8-37. ?.?>:8H UlPWYn?L|Z}Wg8Ckd.z'!LsVX`tU-5R@TCe9vP)nC]k*CL}n'MO@7t/?hu+ j : The defensive plan contains procedures for timely response by fire support teams and maneuver forces. The commander should avoid predictable defensive preparations because an enemy will tend to attack lightly defended areas. Transition from one type of operation to another requires mental as well as physical agility on the part of the commanders, staffs, and units involved as well as accurate situational assessment capabilities. He can increase the effectiveness of the security area, establish additional alternate and supplementary positions, refine the defensive plan to include branches and sequels, conduct defensive rehearsals, and maintain vehicles and personnel. He employs three principles to enhance concealment. Defensive plans provide for using all available support, including field artillery systems firing danger close, attack helicopters, and close air support. Developing reconnaissance and surveillance plans that provide early warning. They are used in proximity to defensive positions, on the flanks of advancing units or in rear areas. Defensive Operations. 8-176. 8-175. A FPF is a priority target for an element or system, and those fire units are laid on that target when they are not engaged in other fire missions. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. 8-148. There are three basic types of defensive operations: the area defense, the mobile defense, and the retrograde. A commander may conduct either an area or mobile defense along or behind a linear obstacle. Tactical and protective obstacles are constructed primarily at company level and below. The commander should plan to destroy those stocks if necessary as part of denial operations. 8-42. This configuration gives depth to the battalion task force's positions and facilitates control. 1 Objectives (2 of 2) Understand standards vs. federal regulations that govern hazardous . The commander organizes defensive positions to permit fires on enemy approaches around and over the crest and on the forward slopes of adjacent terrain features if applicable. The commander can also evacuate dislocated civilians or restrict their movements to routes not required by his forces to enhance his mobility. % The commander rapidly musters and commits available heavy units and combat systems to take advantage of enemy light forces' vulnerabilities to attack by armored vehicles while they remain concentrated in the insertion area. 8-56. 8-155. Using available utility and cargo helicopters in their normal roles to support the defensive effort, such as resupplying the defending force with Class IV barrier material or facilitating casualty evacuation. This may shift to providing priority air defense coverage of his ground combat arms units and combat engineers. - Driving is a vital component of our lives. ! Combat-configured loads are packages of potable and nonpotable water, NBC defense supplies, barrier materials, ammunition, POL, medical supplies, and repair parts tailored to a specific size unit.
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