Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. B Bacteria antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. Which of the following best describes the innate nonspecific immune system? *T cells possess specific receptors that help them identify antigens. C. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). D Viruses, Which childhood disease causes infantile paralysis? These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The body's immune system will react the same was as it did during the first exposure. IgA *The inflammatory response occurs after the pathogen has entered the body. - cross blood placenta barrier Section: 07.05, An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. D. fimbriae, 14. inactivating their ribosomes. a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens *Anything that the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body is called an antigen. You also discover that it targets liver cells. - produces protease. *Allergic responses are hypersensitivities (greater sensitivities). q"]dg' ~2CqfR Z:+ C2'\&zQH4U^;D},}y 7HhTKy/5z'/wj\jB}H+Dzzke/}^bTY9bH]K0mY&0 j0#\0p(-&T"vUYIAcD+Hdb->[[~@+u@*i!VI7kiT.&S6dI&ezre^Zm;U;-)oR.s. ~s9(kB4)a26;]DP/>EahC_6KaKfho s2Lr`P(L"eG5dM|cGzU\BVszPdQj-XT2%dsg*fs9]XG%ZZ4cCzaOOzdivV> Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. which of the following is a pathogen, risk is often presented as _____, which is a measure of the statistical likelihood that something will occur, generally speaking, as economic development occurs, the risk of exposure to indoor air pollution _____, and the impact . True malaria, AIDS The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. D Polio, Which disease is often called the "kissing disease" because you can get it from contact with saliva? False b. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. B fungus. Section: 07.02. Multiple Choice Cryptococcus neoformans causes a systemic infection primarily involving the gastrointestinal tract; this fungus always grows as a large. -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. HBV is known to have survived in dried blood for up to ____ days and pose a serious risk of exposure during that time. B. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. 2. When the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it, it is known as what? D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. 18. 6. mycoses. AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. Bloodborne pathogens areinfectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. They are both forms of an immune deficiency. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. *:Q ]+]lroYQ-Q$2B&qQ1pLOQ;tg# . {H(Iq4fU{dwYVH@hi!XM!9/fiTxUyf+0v Aq]e;-yTzY7&#wcYk#Doyiclr"c!C An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. answer choices virus bacteria fungus parasite/protist Question 3 30 seconds Q. Universal precautions Treating all human materials as if to be infected with bloodborne pathogens is called a. 31. x[ms6|fj 2sMnNhKM*] $ rdIX>Nvjc/_vbU/vk?OuSmsv.^]N_sy3bH,eY|d|g1s9{v1Ogti~9]WrV==j5,4?iG^~%k/ejP7-0_kK_}wNE=?2|y= w 6eiW2xl z{5jW,>pJE$Bfl^b'ddQ8odUpfct{KY|{U;&I$t zrs,# @-"*1.!c?]sr[z}jeOg_W/_,lR"=58Nx? rheumatic fever "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. thymus and bone marrow Hypersensitivity to a substance in one's diet or environment is called what? *Cytokines regulate white blood cell formation so they are being investigated as a possible treatment for AIDS. They are both forms of active immunity. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. 1. *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. 35. Definition. Inactivate the gene so that fimbriae are no longer produced. Blood is the only bodily fluid that can carry pathogens. (a) How are these toxins similar? It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. passive, active Describe the virulence factors associated with the fungal pathogen Aspergillus. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. 29. Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. What is the most common way a nosocomial infection is acquired? Virulence factors contribute to a pathogens ability to cause disease. OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. IgE, IgE False 3. If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. passive B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. Question: 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? *IgM antibodies are the first produced by a plasma cell. Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? *IgM antibodies activate the complement and clump cells. C Fungus A. hemolysin IgA a type of white blood cell They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. What is the intensity of this light? 2 Q One-celled plants and animals are called: unicells. Section: 07.04. The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. macrophages This page titled 15.E: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. It is important to understand and follow your employer's policies regarding bloodborne pathogens. Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. swelling True or False 2. Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. IgD A microbiologist has identified a new gram-negative pathogen that causes liver disease in rats. Section: 07.05, All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. You have recently identified a new toxin. Some infections cause disease, which is any deviation from the normal function or structure of the host. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. histamine. A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek B) Louis Pasteur C) Robert Koch . 4 0 obj possess specific receptors. True (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? *The Mantoux skin test uses the delayed allergic response to indicate exposure to tuberculosis. IgG Question: 6, Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur from which of the following? The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. It is characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. Universal response b. (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? Section: 07.02. MTBE and gasoline leak from old tanks, then the MTBE dissolved into water and moves through soils into groundwater. If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. a. pathogens b. nonpathogens c. opportunistic pathogens d. indigenous microflora e. saprophytes: Term. *The antigen first binds to the B-cell receptor (BCR) to activate antibody-mediated immunity. a. Describe how molecular Kochs postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as what? The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. B Virus The human leg can be compared to a physical pendulum, with a "natural" swinging period at which walking is easiest. Something about names of all department personnel. immediate allergic neutrophils True or False 3. Leishmania (Leishmaniasis) This problem has been solved! sebaceous secretions IgA, IgM *Monocytes become macrophages once they enter the tissues. B Measles Acupuncture is a form of alternative medicine that is used for pain relief. a vaccination. PTd?M5I$w7AKvnC=_$QisBH " Rjob/V? C Fungi A) the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. The Centers for Disease Control estimate that there are about _______________ people living with HIV in the United States. True The adaptive immune response includes: humoral immune response, cell-mediated immune response Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50of 1 106 particles. OSHA is responsible for the general safety and well-being of employees in almost all workplace environments and is a part of the United States Department of Labor, "In regards to bloodborne pathogen awareness and exposure prevention, you are held to the level of accountability as any other person working in the healthcare setting.". Some fungi produce toxins and exoenzymes involved in disease production and capsules that provide protection of phagocytosis. antioxidant HCG All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? Infected blood or OPIM may be transmitted through which of the following means? Section: 07.04 28. to avoid eating a high concentration of mercury, which food should you select, soybeans watered with water from the river, which of the following approaches could help reduce the risk of malaria in a city without introducing new risks to human populations, search for and remove items that could hold accumulated water. answer choices Virus Bacteria Fungi Parasite/Protist They are all alive Question 2 10 seconds Q. active, passive mucous membranes They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? MHC C. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the . *They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. Virulence, the degree to which a pathogen can cause disease, can be quantified by calculating either the ID50 or LD50 of a pathogen on a given population. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. ", "Hepatitis C, or HCV, has a high rate of chronic infection with an estimated _________ cases in the United States.". Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. 16. - it is an opportunistic pathogen What is one disease most children are vaccinated against? the purpose of a protective environment for highly immunosuppressed patient is prevent transmission of infection to patient, Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology: Cha, Radiation Protection Radiation Monitoring, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. Section: 07.05, Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. passive, neutral Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Nb['hm They are both forms of passive immunity. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. A Virus it coats the surface of the pathogens to make them easily recognizable View the full answer The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. endobj C. collagenase Which of the following represent epigenetic changes caused by a pathogen that can affect its ability to cause infection in the host? The page below is a sample from the LabCE course OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens. ", "The use of gloves does not eliminate the need for proper and regular hand washing. perchlorate is released as a gas form rockets but is then dissolved into water in the atmosphere or when it falls to the ground, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Literature and Composition: Reading, Writing,Thinking, Carol Jago, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses. epinephrine 27. memory cell Does the Earth really go around the Sun? Explain how helminths evade the immune system. (f) gel filtration. (c) What initiates the period of decline? C Viruses (b) How do they differ? Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). eosinophils and basophils B. leprosy-is a Mycobacterium leprae (a slow growing bacteria) #CarryOnLearning. Try it now. 19. 10. D Strep throat and pneumonia, __________ are single celled organisms. (b) How do they differ? Viruses are treated with antibiotics. Washing your hands is one of the main ways to prevent from getting sick. Fungi initiate infections through the interaction of adhesins with receptors on host cells. Through a drop of infected blood on healthy skin. innate *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. Section: 07.05, Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? delayed allergic false Strep throat is caused by a? It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. A Strep throat *In severe combined immunodeficiency disease, both B and T cells are lacking. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. 9. IgD antibodies signify the readiness of the B cells. cytokines. -Cough etiquette *"Innate" in this context means that these defenses act indiscriminately against all pathogens. 5. Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient's gum with a sharp instrument. PCR The word pathogen can be defined as: a. all microrganisms b. all disease-causing microorganisms c. all insects d. all microscopic particles Definition b. all disease-causing microorganisms Term Which of the following is NOT an example of biohazard? Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? We]D!DTJewEj(dd.v,"t?huBwh7Vr5qjazNlAZO;8?&EToAb#xBxjzl?ch"x\}CAASM{Pj\^ViATinfMi\k+>!aOi/_gw]6/U)M~+ 8c Zj-L*c. How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. Which of the following is the correct definition of the term Nosocomial Infection? Approximately how many people die each year as a result of nosocomial infections? *The four signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Let the upper rod have a mass of 7.0kg7.0 \mathrm{~kg}7.0kg and the lower rod a mass of 4.0kg4.0 \mathrm{~kg}4.0kg. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. IgG antibodies bind to pathogens, activate the compliment and enhance phagocytosis. Consider the leg as two rods joined rigidly together at the knee; the axis for the leg is the hip joint. Noise b. produce antibodies. This category is best described by which of the following? although standard precautions apply to all potentially infections situations, TBPs are chosen based on the potential means of transmission of the disease or condition. Patients who are at risk due to surgical incisions, weakened immune systems due to pre-existing conditions or medical treatments could use those sinks, transfer the pathogen to their bodies and develop an infection or disease. *The RhoGAM shot is an example of passive immunity. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Huma immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus? complimentary A biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host describes a what? In what position would you place a client in suspected hypovolemic shock? She suspects that the bacterium's fimbriae are a virulence factor. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Of the three options listed, which is the preferred method to protect employees from exposure to blood or OPIM? 20. (c) The number of pathogen particles began to decline/die off. Multiple Choice. Determine the free-vibration response of the triple pendulum shown in given figure for li=l(i=1,2,3)l_i=l(i=1,2,3)li=l(i=1,2,3) and mi=m(i=1,2,3)m_i=m(i=1,2,3)mi=m(i=1,2,3) for the initial conditions 1(0)=2(0)=0\theta_1(0)=\theta_2(0)=01(0)=2(0)=0, 3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)\theta_3(0)=\theta_{30}, \dot{\theta}_i(0)=0(i=1,2,3)3(0)=30,i(0)=0(i=1,2,3). There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. Section: 07.02. *The acquired defense system will also recognize cancer cells with abnormal membrane proteins and destroy them. helps other immune responses. they work very, very quickly. *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. True or False: Breast milk is considered a possible transmission source of bloodborne pathogens. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. normal flora (bacteria mostly), neutrophils and macrophages True Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. 3. Adhesins are usually located on __________ of the pathogen and are composed mainly of __________ and __________. Identify the similarities and differences between a lake and a stream. Which of the following is not a vaccine recommended for college students? Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. A. degrade antibodies True agglutinating them. ", "In contrast to HIV, the Hepatits B virus has a much higher risk of transmission from something like a needle stick. What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. Explain how acupuncture could facilitate exposure to pathogens. Exoenzymes and toxins allow pathogens to invade host tissue and cause tissue damage. (b) Would the toxin be able to cause diarrhea? True Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system It acts as a spreading factor. Which type of disease is this? Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. is part of the inflammatory response. A Bacteria Which pathogen is most virulent? -The use of Personal False, True Myasthenia gravis The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Which period is the stage of disease during which the patient begins to present general signs and symptoms? MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. c. employers must have written airborne pathogen exposure control plans I'm workspace. Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? A. Candida Ability to damage the host The characteristics of a pathogen that determine its virulence include which of the following? Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . they only act internally. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 1: Microorganisms & the Chain of Infection Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Which of the following are small cell masses where protective cells are stored? creating interferon. *Epinephrine counteracts the effects of histamine in anaphylactic shock. *The spleen cleanses the blood. Section: 07.03, What is the definition of an antigen? As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). In Model 1 a pathogen (virus, bacteria, foreign protein, parasite) has entered the bloodstream of an individual. True In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). thyroid and tonsils Two types of toxins are hemolysins and leukocidins. Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? Add back the fimbriae gene (on a plasmid) into the mutant to construct a complemented strain. IgE, IgM ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. Symptoms: nausea and migraine. rheumatoid arthritis (a) The patient exhibits the signs and symptoms of the disease in both of these periods. *(a) gas-liquid. Saved Help Which of the following statements is correct about the human pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans? IgE antibodies are responsible for the immediate allergic response and protection against parasitic worms. Which indirect object pronoun correctly completes the answer? possess specific receptors. Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training, April Lynch, Jerome Kotecki, Karen Vail-Smith, Laura Bonazzoli, Janet L. Hopson, Rebecca J. Donatelle, Tanya R. Littrell. An employee, who has an occupational exposure potential with blood or OPIM, does not need to notify their supervisor as to the existence of an open sore. D. degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes, 13. Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs!
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