Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. He was the last king of England to win . Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Some of it is due to his personality--he played his cards close to the vest, unlike his son--and some of it is due to Tudor spin--they were, after all trying to bolster up the royal credentials for a man who didn't have that many. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. Consultant editor for the. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Hidden under the floor in St George's Chapel in Windsor, England where thousands of people walk every day, a forgotten tomb lies. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. The union was both symbolic and necessary. He spent his entire reign fixated on eliminating or disarming his enemies, and stabilizing England after the bloody, seemingly endless War of the Roses. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. ||Wordpress installation and design by http://www.MadeGlobal.com, FREE Anne Boleyn He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. [9] He took it, as well as the standard of St. George, on his procession through London after the victory at Bosworth. Old rivalries simmered, however. The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. So Henry was a valuable bargaining tool, whose fate always depended on what relations were between England and France, always tainted by the recent Hundred Years War, and how Brittany sought to ward off threats to its own independence. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! Seriously, got nudged by my partner when I'd nodded off. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. Edward would have liked to rid himself of Henry, a rival to his throne, but Francis kept Henry safe. Martin Luther 95 thesis. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. Having seen it pop up in a lot of papers' Books of the Year lists, I think I was expecting something altogether more gripping and dramatic, but in the end I thought the story of Henry VII and the Tudor succession was just not an especially thrilling tale. Henry was a remarkable man. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. [20] He amassed an army of about 5,0006,000 soldiers. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. Updates? [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. Lincoln was killed in battle and Henry was victorious. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. Henry IV had confirmed Richard IIs legitimation (1397) of the children of this union but had specifically excluded the Beauforts from any claim to the throne (1407). Watch with Prime In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. [3] Henry's paternal grandfather, Owen Tudor, originally from the Tudors of Penmynydd, Isle of Anglesey in Wales, had been a page in the court of King Henry V. He rose to become one of the "Squires to the Body to the King" after military service at the Battle of Agincourt. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. This is why he named the book the "Winter King". With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne. Henry gained the support of the Woodvilles, in-laws of the late Edward IV, and sailed with a small French and Scottish force, landing at Mill Bay near Dale, Pembrokeshire. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. His father, Henry VII, was a cold, calculating man (he wasn't called "the Winter King" for nothing), a greedy monarch who during his last years on the throne had squeezed every last drop. Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! The King was heavily guarded. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. Penn is not one to understate a case. [72] Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only his mother Margaret Beaufort near him: "privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16.
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